Technology partners BMW and the German Bobsleigh, Luge, and Skeleton Federation fine-tune final details ahead of the Olympic Winter Games.

+++ Automotive technologies from the BMW Group powering the hunt for
Olympic hundredths on the ice track +++ Development of individualised
spike shoes for bobsleigh and skeleton athletes reaches the next level
+++ Data-based optimisation of material and racing line in luge for
the new Olympic track in Cortina (ITA) +++ Images and video material
available on the joint technology projects +++

Munich. At the Olympic Winter Games 2022, Team
Germany celebrated twelve gold, ten silver, and five bronze medals.
The German Bobsleigh, Luge, and Skeleton Federation (BSD) contributed
the majority of them – nine golds, six silvers, and one bronze in
Beijing (CHN). It was an outstanding team result that the national
bobsleigh, skeleton, and luge squads are eager to repeat when the next
Olympic Winter Games take place in Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy
(6–22 February 2026). Achieving that requires hard work in every area
and a constant pursuit of optimisation. To this end, the BSD continues
to rely on its technology partnership with the BMW Group, established
in 2010.

Drawing on BMW’s expertise, technological capabilities, and
innovative strength from automotive engineering and motorsport, two
projects have been advanced for the 2026 Olympics – both designed to
deliver those decisive fractions of a second in the ice track: the BMW
Data Coach in luge and customised spike plates for bobsleigh and
skeleton shoes.

Individual spike shoes for greater push-off performance.

It’s no secret that start times in bobsleigh and skeleton are
crucial, as they determine the speed athletes carry into the run –
there’s no “gas pedal” after that. To translate their athletic power
into acceleration on ice, athletes depend on the right footwear. The
force is transmitted solely through spike plates on the forefoot, with
more than 250 small, sharp spikes per shoe gripping the ice and
converting energy into motion. Any improvement to these plates
directly enhances performance in the track.

Surprisingly, standard shoes are typically used in bobsleigh and
skeleton – without considering athletes’ individual preferences or
anatomical differences. The BMW Group identified optimisation
potential and, together with the BSD, began developing custom
spike-plate prototypes ahead of the 2022 Winter Olympics for skeleton
athletes. These plates can be mounted onto any preferred
track-and-field shoe using existing spike threads for secure fastening.

Manufactured at the BMW Group Additive Manufacturing Campus in
Munich, the spike plates are produced using 3D printing – a process
BMW has been employing since 1991 across the entire vehicle lifecycle,
from concept to production and spare parts. This highly efficient
process uses a specialised design software that allows fast,
automated, and athlete-specific generation of 3D-print data.
Parameters such as geometry, stiffness, and spike shape are customised
and adapted to each athlete’s shoe using 3D scans. This algorithmic
design process offers enormous time savings and maximum flexibility as
plates can be printed, tested, and re-optimised in rapid cycles.

The 3D-printed spike plates made their World Cup debut last season,
with teams such as Adam Ammour’s using them extensively. However,
development continued – athlete feedback and summer gait analysis data
revealed that some athletes performed better with softer soles and
plates. As a result, a second development track was launched, strongly
supported by Felix Straub, brakeman for Francesco Friedrich’s team. In
this version, the plates are milled from nylon, fitted with steel
spikes, and then glued and riveted to the shoe.

A key material challenge is ensuring the steel spikes withstand
extreme loads without wearing or breaking. BMW specialists in
materials and process engineering developed a solution: the spikes are
plasma-nitrided – a hardening process in which nitrogen is ionized in
a vacuum at high temperature and diffuses into the steel, improving
surface hardness. BMW uses this technique for crankshafts in BMW
Motorrad engines and in motorsport applications.

Now, all athletes on the German bobsleigh and skeleton teams can
choose between both systems, test them extensively before the
Olympics, and select their preferred option. After four years of
development, the result is a range of individualised options for every
athlete, foot type, shoe model, running style, and push-off position –
replacing the one-size-fits-all solution.

Data-driven optimisation of material and racing line.

In luge, the interplay between athlete and sled involves many
interdependent factors — optimising as many as possible for the best
run time is the key challenge. The BMW Data Coach delivers a major
advantage by enabling data-based analysis and optimisation of these
factors. The ideal interaction varies between athletes and tracks,
much like individualised car setups in motorsport. For the 2026 Games,
a new ice track has been built in Cortina, with only a limited number
of runs available before competition – making data-driven insights
even more valuable.

Based on measurement and simulation methods, the Data Coach gives
lugers new ways to fine-tune their sled setup and identify the ideal
racing line. This approach is well-established in vehicle development
and motorsport. Since 2016, the BMW Group and BSD have been applying
and refining these methods in luge.

Special sensors installed in the sled record extensive dynamic data,
allowing each run to be precisely reconstructed using dedicated
analysis software. The software was developed by former Junior World
Champion luger Dr. Julian von Schleinitz, now Head of Tech Excellence
at the BMW Group, who combines his athletic experience with
engineering expertise. Over the years, the growing dataset has made
the BMW Data Coach increasingly effective in identifying optimal lines
and refining sled setups.

Today, the data volume is so large that – combined with computer
simulations – it allows predictive testing of new components and
configurations virtually, before any physical prototype is built or a
new line is tested on track. This significantly increases efficiency
and insight within the complex system of sled and athlete.

For the Olympic season, the system – used extensively by 13-time
World Champion Felix Loch and six-time World Champion Max Langenhan –
has been further enhanced. The sensors now deliver more precise
readings on wet ice, and the hardware has been miniaturised to fit
into a regulation-compliant racing sled. This marks a major step
forward, as the measurements now come from a sled identical to
competition equipment.

During the first international training period in Cortina in late
October and early November, valuable data were already collected.
These will now be analysed in detail to shape the Olympic race
strategy. A second test event at the Olympic track in late November
will offer another opportunity for refinement – before the athletes
battle for gold in February 2026, where every thousandth of a second counts.

Further information, images, and video material:

BMW Group 3D-printed spike plates:

The BMW Data Coach: